CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN THE PERIOD 2019-2023

Bình Vũ Đức, Phương Nguyễn Lan, Dương Nguyễn Thùy, Thảo Nguyễn Thị

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Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical presentations and workups of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in the period 2019-2023. Subjects and method: A total of 711 patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma were treated at the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion from January 2019 to June 2023. Results: In this study, the most commonly affected age group for multiple myeloma was 51–70 years (65.68%). Fewer number of male than female (male/female = 0.83:1).  The IgG subtype was the most common, with IgG-K and IgG-L accounting for 38% and 23.3% of cases, respectively. Elevated total protein, decreased albumin, and increased B2M levels were noted in 70% of patients. The most frequent genetic abnormality was dup(1q) (49.1%), followed by del(13q) (39.7%), with t(14;16) being the least common at 2.5%. Notably, 73.9% of patients presented with two or more genetic abnormalities, and one patient exhibited all six genetic variations. Kidney failure was observed in 33.8% of patients at diagnosis, with a significantly higher prevalence in those with light chain disease (Kappa 56%, Lambda 38%) compared to IgA (32.3%) and IgG (31%) subtypes (p = 0.002).

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