MỨC ĐỘ PHƠI NHIỄM BỤI PM2.5 CỦA NGƯỜI DÂN TỪ CÁC NGUỒN CỐ ĐỊNH VÀ DI ĐỘNG: MỘT NGHIÊN CỨU THỬ NGHIỆM TẠI TP.HCM

Abstract

Asian countries often exhibit complex sources of PM2.5 particulate pollution within community living environments, primarily influenced by their distinctive cultural practices and lifestyles. Despite this complexity, current assessments of PM2.5 exposure are primarily based on data from fixed monitoring stations. This reliance on static measurements poses a risk of underestimating actual personal exposure levels, as individual activities and interactions with pollution sources vary considerably throughout the day. Technological advancements have enabled the adoption of low-cost air pollution sensors that offer several advantages over traditional monitoring systems, including affordability, portability, and the ability to measure multiple pollutants simultaneously. In this study, a longitudinal monitoring approach was employed using low-cost sensors to assess PM2.5 exposure among 36 volunteers, alongside measurements from seven fixed emission sources in Ho Chi Minh City. The average daily PM2.5 concentrations at fixed monitoring sites generally complied with the permissible limits set by the Vietnamese National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (QCVN05:2023). However, personal exposure during specific activities—namely commuting, shopping, cooking/eating, and housework—was found to significantly exceed levels associated with sedentary behaviors. The odds ratios (OR) for these activities were 4.51, 6.19, 5.58, and 2.63, respectively (p<0.01). These findings underscore the importance of expanding research efforts with larger populations and extended monitoring periods to better identify the key determinants of PM2.5 exposure in urban environments such as Ho Chi Minh City.