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ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER OF HO CHI MINH CITY
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Abstract
Background: The widespread prescription of antibiotics in treating acute upper respiratory tract infections and inappropriate antibiotic selection contribute to the increase in drug resistance rates, which is a matter of concern. In Vietnam, research to update the bacterial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility for this group of diseases is still limited. Objective: To survey the proportion of bacteria species causing acute upper respiratory tract infections and their antibiotic sensitivity using culture, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections suspected to be caused by bacteria who visited the ENT clinic of the University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, from December 2022 to July 2023. Patients were swabbed for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results: 120 subjects participated in the study, including 86 patients with acute rhinosinusitis and 34 patients with acute tonsillitis suspected to be caused by bacteria. The common bacteria causing acute rhinosinusitis were S. epidermidis (53.7%), S. aureus (13.4%), M. catarrhalis (6.1%), S. pneumoniae (4.9%), H. influenzae (4.9%). S. pyogenes and S. aureus accounted for the majority of cases of acute tonsillitis / pharyngitis. Some antibiotics found sensitive to Staphylococci were Vancomycin (100%), Doxycycline (80%), Levofloxacin (76.7%), Gentamycin (76.7%), Ciprofloxacin (60%). M. catarrhalis was fully susceptible to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate and Cefaclor. 50% of H. influenzae were found sensitive to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate and 75% to Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin. Some effective antibiotics against S. pneumoniae are Amoxicillin/Clavulanate and Doxycycline (75%), Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin and Vancomycin (100%). S. pyogenes was absolutely susceptible to penicillin. Conclusion: Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate is still the choice in the initial treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Amoxicillin or Cephalosporins are easy-to-use and effective antibiotics in most cases of acute streptococcal pharyngitis.
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Keywords
acute upper respiratory tract infections, acute rhinosinusitis, acute pharyngitis, antibiotic susceptibility test
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