NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH ẢNH HỌC CẮT LỚP VI TÍNH THẬN BÌNH THƯỜNG Ở NGƯỜI TRƯỞNG THÀNH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TRUNG ƯƠNG CẦN THƠ NĂM 2023-2025

Abstract

Background: The kidney is a multifaceted organ exhibiting diverse anatomical structures and a rich vascular system. However, its morphology does not invariably adhere to a predetermined pattern. Variations in size, position, shape, and the distribution of renal arteries and veins can significantly influence radiological diagnosis, surgical interventions, and minimally invasive procedures such as stent placement, embolization, or kidney transplantation. Accurate identification of these anatomical variations through computed tomography (CT) imaging facilitates preoperative assessment, reduces complications, and enhances clinical outcomes. Objectives: (1) To assess the imaging characteristics of the kidneys in adults utilizing CT imaging. (2) To investigate variations in renal vascular anatomy utilizing CT imaging. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 480 patients (≥ 18 years of age) without concomitant conditions impairing normal renal anatomy. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT scans of the abdomen, encompassing arterial and venous phases, at Can Tho Central General Hospital from 2023 to 2025. Results: The mean age was 47.4 years, with 51.7% male and 48.3% female participants. The mean dimensions of the right kidney were 103.5 × 51.2 × 46.6 mm, while the left kidney measured 104,0x49,7x48,76 mm. The mean cortical thickness of the right kidney was 5.8 ± 1.1 mm, and for the left kidney, it was 5.9 ± 2.5 mm, both exhibiting a negative correlation with age (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed between sexes in kidney length, width, and depth (p < 0.05). The mean renal artery diameter was 5.5 ± 0.9 mm for the right and 5.7 ± 0.9 mm for the left, while artery lengths were 38.7 ± 10.3 mm and 30.4 ± 9.1 mm, respectively. The mean renal vein diameter was 9.9 ± 2.6 mm for the right and 10.2 ± 5.1 mm for the left, with vein lengths of 26.6 ± 6.6 mm and 66.4 ± 10.6 mm, respectively. Among the 960 kidneys examined, 77.9% exhibited a single renal artery, 21.9% exhibited two arteries, and 0.2% exhibited three arteries. Five cases were identified with bilateral double renal arteries. All renal arteries originated from the abdominal aorta, and all right renal arteries passed posterior to the inferior vena cava. Early branching of renal arteries was observed in 5.1% of cases. A single renal vein was present in 98.5% of cases, while 1.5% had two renal veins, and 2.1% exhibited late venous confluence. Conclusion: the majority of kidneys had a single renal artery and vein, but vascular variations were common. The right renal artery was longer than the left, while the left renal vein was longer than the right. Significant cortical thinning was observed with increasing age, and sex-related differences in kidney dimensions were noted. Given the high prevalence of renal vascular variations, a comprehensive understanding of renal anatomy is essential for clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons to enhance diagnostic accuracy and procedural safety.