TÌNH HÌNH NHIỄM VÀ ĐỀ KHÁNG CARBAPENEM CỦA VI KHUẨN ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII PHÂN LẬP TỪ BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM PHỔI BỆNH VIỆN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the leading causative agents of nosocomial infections, characterized by a high level of antimicrobial resistance and commonly associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and carbapenem resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 292 patients diagnosed and treated for hospital-acquired pneumonia at Can Tho City General Hospital from May 2024 to March 2025. Results: Regarding demographic characteristics, the male-to-female ratio was 1.92, with a mean age of 70.4 ± 13.2 years; the majority were aged ≥60 years (78.4%). The prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii infection among patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia was 20.9%. Among the 61 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, 59 were resistant to carbapenems (accounting for 96.7%). Independent risk factors associated with Acinetobacter baumannii infection included prolonged corticosteroid therapy (OR = 4.79; 95% CI: 2.06–11.14), prior antibiotic use (OR = 5.23; 95% CI: 2.06–13.26), admission to the intensive care unit (OR = 28.97; 95% CI: 7.50–111.86), and the presence of underlying structural lung disease (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.20–8.53), p < 0.05. Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii is a relatively common pathogen in hospital-acquired pneumonia, with a high prevalence of carbapenem resistance. Independent risk factors associated with Acinetobacter baumannii infection include prolonged corticosteroid use, prior antibiotic exposure, ICU admission, and structural lung abnormalities (p < 0.05).