Network pharmacology-guided development of a Ganoderma lucidum spray-dried powder for cancer therapy

Tóm tắt

Introduction: Ganoderma lucidum (GL), a valuable medicinal mushroom in traditional medicine, is recognized for its numerous health benefits, including immune system enhancement, blood pressure regulation, and anti-tumor effects. Objective: This study focuses on analyzing the network pharmacology of GL in relation to immuno-oncology, thereby guiding the development of GL spray-dried powder to support cancer treatment. Materials and methods: A network pharmacology study was employed to identify target bioactive compounds from GL. The extraction process was optimized using Design Expert 12 with a Box-Behnken design, considering three independent variables: solvent concentration, extraction time, and extraction temperature. The optimal extract was then used to investigate factors influencing the spray-drying process, including excipient ratio, drying temperature, and feed rate. Total triterpenoid and polyphenol contents were quantified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with ursolic acid and gallic acid as standards. The spray-dried powder was analyzed for ganoderic acid A content using HPLC. Results: Molecular pharmacology analysis and literature review identified triterpenoids and polyphenols as key bioactive groups. The optimal extraction conditions were 75% ethanol, 100 °C, 80 minutes, and a material-to-solvent ratio of 1:100 (g/mL). The spray-drying process was most effective with 20% excipient, a drying temperature of 120 °C, and a feed rate of 10%. The average content of ganoderic acid A in the spray-dried powder was 55.76 mg/g. Conclusion: The study successfully optimized the extraction and spray-drying processes for GL, resulting in a powder rich in triterpenoids and polyphenols. These findings may provide a foundation for developing safe and effective pharmaceutical products, serving as a reference for future research.