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CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME FACTORS RELATED TO THE SEVERITY OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
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Abstract
Objective: The study aims to identify the characteristics and some factors associated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 42 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed with OSA at Can Tho University Hospital from March 2023 to March 2024. Results: In terms of general characteristics, the moderate-to-severe OSA group significantly predominated over the mild OSA group in terms of male gender (50% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.008) and smoking history (71.4% vs. 32.1%, p = 0.016). Regarding clinical characteristics, the mild OSA group had a significant prevalence of morning fatigue (96.4% vs. 64.3%, p = 0.011). Additionally, symptoms such as apnea/snoring, restless sleep, nocturnal awakenings, loud snoring, and decreased concentration were predominant in the mild OSA group, while morning headaches, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and nocturia were more prevalent in the moderate-to-severe OSA group, although the differences were not statistically significant. Concerning polysomnographic characteristics, the moderate-to-severe OSA group had higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), obstructive apnea index, and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) compared to the mild OSA group, with values of 33.35 ± 11.19 and 9.44 ± 3.13; 17.51 ± 11.4 and 1.08 ± 1.27; and 35.74 ± 16.45 and 14.16 ± 6.92, respectively (all p < 0.001). However, multivariate analysis showed that only symptoms of morning fatigue were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of having moderate-to-severe OSA (OR = 13.28; 95% CI: 1.02-173.56; p = 0.049). Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is no clear correlation between clinical symptoms and the severity of OSA. However, certain characteristics prevalent in moderate-to-severe OSA, such as male gender, smoking history, and especially symptoms of morning fatigue, should be noted for further screening and evaluation along with the aforementioned polysomnographic parameters.
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Keywords
Obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes mellitus, severity, associated factors.
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