ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ VÀ CĂN NGUYÊN VIÊM NÃO Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG NĂM 2021 – 2022

Abstract

Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and etiology of encephalitis in children at the National Children's Hospital from 2021 to 2022. Methods: A descriptive study with prospective data collection was conducted using a convenience sampling method. Qualitative variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS software. Results: During the study period, 635 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 52.17 months (ranging from 4 days to 16 years old), and 55.6% of the patients were male. Cases were recorded throughout the year, but the number of hospitalizations increased during the summer. The etiology was identified in 80.9% of cases, with definitive causes in 46.5% and probable causes in 34.5%. Viruses were the most common cause (41.4%), with Japanese encephalitis virus being the predominant pathogen. Autoimmune encephalitis accounted for 36.4%, while bacterial causes accounted for 19.5%, with Streptococcus pneumoniae (45.6%) being the most common bacterium. Conclusion: Encephalitis occurs year-round, affecting children of all ages, but it is most common in children under 5 years old. Cases were reported in various provinces and ethnic groups. Although the proportion of autoimmune encephalitis has increased significantly compared to previous studies, infectious causes still predominate.