KHẢO SÁT CÁC ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN BIẾN CỐ TIM MẠCH NỘI VIỆN Ở BỆNH NHÂN BỆNH CƠ TIM GIÃN NỞ

Abstract

Introduction: Dilated cardiomyopathy is one of the leading causes of heart failure and mortality worldwide. Currently, domestic studies on this condition have mainly focused on pediatric populations. Investigating the associated clinical characteristics may help optimize treatment strategies for affected patients. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and their association with in-hospital cardiovascular events in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who were hospitalized and treated at the Department of Cardiology, Cho Ray Hospital. Subjects: Patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy who were hospitalized and treated at the Department of Cardiology, Cho Ray Hospital, from January 2019 to December 2023. Study design: A retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: The study included 60 patients, with a mean age of 42.7 ± 14.9 years. The male-to-female ratio was 3.29:1. Common comorbidities included obesity (25%), atrial fibrillation, and hypertension (21.7%). The most frequent symptoms at the time of admission were dyspnea (95%), edema (53.5%), and tachycardia (50%). The majority of patients were classified as NYHA III (56.7%), with the least being classified as NYHA IV (8.3%). Reduced ejection fraction was observed in 95% of cases, with only 5% having a mild reduction. Most cases were associated with mitral valve regurgitation, tricuspid valve regurgitation, and cardiomegaly. The incidence of in-hospital cardiovascular events was high at 48.3%. The study identified four independent prognostic factors for in-hospital cardiovascular events, including: reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (OR=0.89; CI 0.8–0.99), tachycardia (OR=4.8; CI 1.02–22.51), mitral valve regurgitation (OR=0.05; CI 0.004–0.46), and jugular vein distention (OR=8.7; CI 1.23–62.54). Conclusion: The study identified reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, tachycardia, jugular venous distension, and mitral regurgitation as independent predictors of in-hospital cardiovascular events in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.