PHÁT HIỆN TÁC NHÂN VI SINH BẰNG MULTIPLEX REAL-TIME PCR Ở BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM PHỔI CỘNG ĐỒNG NẶNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TRUNG ƯƠNG CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common disease with a high mortality rate worldwide. Currently, severe CAP is often caused by a combination of multiple pathogens. However, some pathogens cannot be detected by traditional culture methods due to their fastidious growth characteristics. Multiplex real-time PCR is a highly sensitive and specific technique that supports the identification of microbial agents causing severe CAP. Objective: To determine the proportion of microbial agents detected in sputum samples of patients with severe CAP using multiplex real-time PCR. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 51 patients diagnosed with severe CAP admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Can Tho Central General Hospital, from December 2024 to May 2025. Results: Of the 51 sputum samples, 47 tested positive for microbial agents, accounting for 92.2%. Most patients had coinfection with three types of pathogens, with a rate of 76.5%. The highest detected agent was viruses (88.2%), followed by bacteria (68.6%) and fungi (51%). Gram-negative bacteria predominated at 58.8%, with K. pneumoniae accounting for 23.5% and A. baumannii 21.6%. Conclusion: The detection rate of microbial agents was 92.2%, with a coinfection rate of 76.5%. The proportion of samples contaminated with viruses, bacteria and fungi was 88.2%, 68.6% and 51%, respectively.