PHÂN TÍCH TÌNH HÌNH SỬ DỤNG THUỐC Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2 ĐIỀU TRỊ NGOẠI TRÚ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN THỐNG NHẤT GIAI ĐOẠN 2016-2023

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease that caused numerous severe complications affecting the cardiovascular system, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Analyzing patient characteristics, medication usage patterns, and changes over time was essential for optimizing treatment management. Objective: To analyze the drug utilization pattern for outpatient treatment of type 2 diabetes at the Thong Nhat Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City from 2016 to 2023. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, collecting data from all medical records of patients treated between 2016 and 2023. Results: The study collected data from 10,777 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who met the inclusion criteria during the period 2016–2023. The average number of drugs per prescription increased from 4.97 ± 1.80 to 5.56 ± 1.80. The proportion of patients receiving a combination of three or more antidiabetic agents rose markedly from 4.39% to 37.22%. Metformin monotherapy was the most commonly prescribed regimen, with a prescribing rate ranging from 53.56% to 62.38%. Sulfonylurea prescriptions showed a decreasing trend, from 48.27% in 2017 to 32.36% in 2023. In contrast, the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors (Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitors) and DPP-4 inhibitors (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors) increased significantly. SGLT-2i prescriptions began in 2019 (1.08%) and reached 18.61% by 2023. DPP-4i use rose from 0.99% (2016) to 14.48% (2022), followed by a slight decrease to 11.09% in 2023. The DU90% (Drug Utilization 90%) analysis identified only 23 active substances accounting for 90% of total utilization. DDD/1000 patients/day increased across most drug groups except for sulfonylureas and AGIs (Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors). Time series analysis and statistical tests indicated an upward trend in the use of metformin, insulin, SGLT-2i, and DPP-4i over time, whereas sulfonylurea usage declined. Conclusion: The study revealed a trend in the use of type 2 diabetes medications, especially newer drug classes such as SGLT-2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors. Moreover, treatment approaches increasingly favored multi-drug combinations, reflecting a shift toward optimizing disease control and reducing complications.