ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ NỘI SOI CỦA BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients at Thai Nguyen National Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 107 patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma based on clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, and histopathological examination through biopsy. All patients were evaluated for metabolic syndrome at Thai Nguyen National General Hospital from June 2024 to June 2025. Results: The mean age was 55.83 ± 5.26 years. The average interval from the onset of initial symptoms to hospital admission was 14.9 ± 14.3 days; the mean duration of disease progression at the time of evaluation was 52.36 ± 41.67 days. The most common reasons for hospital admission were abdominal pain (66.4%) and blood in stool (37.4%). Anemia was present in 34.6% of patients, and 60.7% had no systemic symptoms. Abdominal wall tenderness was observed in 66.4% of cases, while 18.7% had no physical signs. Tumors were most frequently located in the rectum (32.7%) and least commonly at the splenic flexure (1.9%). The predominant gross morphologies were ulcerative-exophytic lesions (44.9%) and purely exophytic lesions (38.3%), while purely ulcerative lesions were less common (2.8%). Tumors occupying ≥ three-quarters of the intestinal circumference accounted for 56.1% of cases. In 53.3% of patients, the endoscope could not be advanced beyond the tumor. Conclusion: The study shows that colorectal cancer is increasingly diagnosed among middle-aged individuals, often with non-specific symptoms that may delay early detection. Tumors are predominantly located in the rectum and exhibit an ulcerative-exophytic morphology. Screening and awareness should be strengthened, particularly among individuals with risk factors.