ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG BỆNH NHÂN THOÁI HÓA HOÀNG ĐIỂM TUỔI GIÀ GIAI ĐOẠN SỚM VÀ TRUNG BÌNH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN MẮT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate epidermology and clinical manifestation of AMD patients ate early and intermediate stages at HCMC Eye Hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The study was done from November 2022 to June 2023 at HCMC Eye Hospital. 90 eyes of 90 patients were separated into 3 groups: normal, early AMD and intermidiate AMD based on Ferris’s AMD clinical classification. Patients were examined and collected epidermology, visual acuity and intraocular pressure. Results: The control group has an average age of 65.73 ± 7.71 years, the early stage AMD group has an average age of 65.97 ± 8.80 years, and the intermediate stage AMD group has an average age of 66.90 ± 8.13 years. The age differences among the three research groups are not significant (p = 0.845). When comparing the three groups, the male-female ratios are 1:1.14, 1.14:1, and 1.14:1, respectively, and are not statistically significant (p = 0.837). The group exhibiting intermediate stage disease has a logMAR visual acuity of 0.47 ± 0.56, which is generally lower than that of the two control groups and early AMD, which are 0.39 ± 0.31 and 0.41 ± 0.40, respectively. Nevertheless, the difference between the two groups is not statistically significant (p = 0.972). Intraocular pressure was similar between study groups, with values in the control group for early AMD and moderate stages being 15.23 ± 3.95mmHg, 13.80 ± 3.66 mmHg, and 13.43 ± 3 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.128). Conclusion: Early and moderate stage AMD  have quite similar epidemiological characteristics, commonly occurring in people over 60 years old with a male:female ratio of 1.14:1. The visual acuity of patients with early- and intermediate-stage AMD does not change significantly compared to normal people of the same age. Patients need to come for examination and detect the disease early in order to treat it early and limit the progression to a severe stage of the disease before signs of visual impairment appear.