ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, X-QUANG VÀ KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT ĐIỀU TRỊ GÃY XƯƠNG HÀM DƯỚI VÙNG CẰM BẰNG NẸP VÍT NHỎ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN RĂNG HÀM MẶT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH

Abstract

Introduction: Mandibular fractures are among the most common oral maxillofacial fractures. Oral maxillofacial injuries in general and of mandibular fractures in particular, can significantly affect the functionaly and aesthetics of patients, and can even be life-threatening if not managed promptly and appropriately. Objective: To investigate the clinical and X-ray characteristics, and surgical treatment of mandibular fractures using miniplate. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 52 patients with simple mandibular fractures in the chin region who underwent surgical treatment with miniplates at the Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology from April 2023 to April 2024. Results: The average age of the patients was 31.9 ± 10.1 years, with males comprising 75% of the sample. The primary causes of fractures were traffic accidents (73.1%) and domestic incidents (13.5%). The majority of the patients were manual laborers (84.6%). Symptoms included limited mouth opening (92.3%), malocclusion (69.2%), swelling and hematoma (67.3%), sharp pain (57.7%), and discontinuity of the bone margin (40.4%). Dental arch disruption was noted in 34.6% of patients, and 23.1% experienced numbness in the lip and chin areas. Typically, the mandibular X-rays showed 1 to 2 fracture lines, predominantly displaced but without axial deviation. Most patients were treated using two miniplates, and the average surgical time was 62.58 ± 30.28 minutes. Conclusion: Patients with mandibular fractures presented with a variety of symptoms such as malocclusion, swelling, hematoma, sharp pain, and bone margin discontinuity. The fractures typically involve 1 to 2 lines, are mostly displaced but not axially deviated. Surgical treatment with miniplates is effective, with a relatively short average surgical time and usually involving the use of two miniplates.