KHẢO SÁT MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ TIM MẠCH Ở PHỤ NỮ MÃN KINH TĂNG HUYẾT ÁP

Abstract

Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The present global research has shown an increase in the prevalence of CVD risk factors at the time of menopause. Methods: From August 2021 to September 2022, 246 postmenopausal women diagnosed with hypertension at Bach Mai hospital, were selected in our study. We evaluated the by the use of a structured questionnaire about menstrual history, risk factors of CVD and the collection of biochemical analysis of subject blood samples. Results: The mean age at menopause was 69.3 ± 8.9 years; the mean age of menarche and menopause were 15.1 ± 1.7 and 48.2 ± 4.5, respectively. The mean duration of reproductive life (time from menarche to natural menopause) was 33.1 ± 4.7. Fatigue, lack of energy (87.4%), rheumatic pain symptoms (60%), weight gain (69.1%), anxiety and nervousness (72.8%), and palpitation of the heart (59.8%) were common complaints. Diabetes was diagnosed, or a person was known to be diabetic, in 38.6%, and a BMI above 25 was found in 32.2%. Dyslipidemia was seen in 57.6%. It was defined by the presence of high TC (>5.2 mmol/l) in 32.3%, high LDLC (>3.4 mmol/l) in 33.7%, low HDLC (<1.2 mmol/l) in 44.3%, or high TG (>1.7 mmol/l) in 57.6%. Smoking (0%), alcohol (0%), and family history of premature heart disease (9%) were recorded. All patients were advised for electrocardiography (ECG); 23 were found positive for ischemic changes on ECG, and out of 12 women advised for treadmill test (TMT), only four were found positive for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Risk factor count of more than four was found in 11%. Overall, 96% of women were affected by menopause or related problems. Only 9% were aware of their menopause, 3% for importance of lifestyle modification, weight and dietary management programs to ameliorate menopause or menopause-compounded CVRFs. Compared with women who had menarche before 15 years, the risk of cardiovascular disease was higher among women with late menarche. Compared with women who had menopause before 44 years, the risk of cardiovascular disease was higher among women with early menopause (less than 44 years). This study showed that, for each 1-year decrease in age at menopause, CHD risk was 14% higher. Conclusion: This study showed alarmingly high prevalence of most of the conventional CVRFs, especially diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and other risk factors in postmenopausal women from rural areas.