ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CĂN NGUYÊN VI KHUẨN VÀ BIẾN CHỨNG CỦA VIÊM NỘI TÂM MẠC NHIỄM KHUẨN TẠI TRUNG TÂM TIM MẠCH – BỆNH VIỆN E

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, etiology, and complications of infective endocarditis (IE) at the Cardiology Center of E Hospital. Material and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 84 patients who was diagnosed of IE and treated at the Cardiology Center of E Hospital from January 2019 to March 2024. Result: Infective endocarditis on native valves and on prosthetic valves were 52.4% and 27.4% respectively. Common clinical presentations were fever (90.5%), cardiac murmurs (82.1%), shortness of breath (50%) and chest pain (44%). Vegetations were detected in 96.4% of patients on transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Blood cultures were positive in 37 cases (44%), including Streptococcus (22 cases; 59.5%), Staphylococcus (10 cases; 27%), Enterococcus (4 cases, 10.8%), Enterobacter (1 cases; 2.7%). Complications included valvular regurgitation due to vegetations (72.6%), acute heart failure (50%), ruptured chordae tendineae (26.2%), cerebral infarction (11.9%), limb embolism (9.5%), cerebral hemorrhage (6%), and splenic infarction (6%). The proportion of serious illness patients who could not be cured was 4.8%.Conclusion: At the Cardiology Center of E Hospital, infective endocarditis was most commonly in native valves with Streptococcus and Staphylococcus as the most common pathogens. Complications with the highest proportion were valvular regurgitation due to vegetations, acute heart failure, embolism. Cerebral hemorrhage was a complication with a low proportion but was serious with high risk of mortality. Early detection and appropriate treatment of these complications can be lifesaving.