BÁO CÁO LOẠT CA BỆNH: UỐN VÁN RỐN SƠ SINH ĐIỀU TRỊ THEO KINH NGHIỆM TỪ NĂM 2016 ĐẾN 2022 TẠI TRUNG TÂM SƠ SINH, BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Neonatal tetanus, caused by the neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, manifests as severe muscle stiffness and spasms affecting the central nervous system. Risk factors include unsterile cord cutting, traditional unhygienic practices in cord care, unclean hands during delivery, contaminated instruments, and maternal non-vaccination against tetanus. Prognostic factors such as shorter incubation periods (<5-7 days), short symptom onset (6-10 days), and low birth weight (<2500g) exacerbate disease severity. A case study spanning 2016-2022 at the Neonatology Center of National Children's Hospital involved ten severe neonatal tetanus cases with a mortality rate of approximately 40%. Treatment regimes resulted in an average seizure control period of 24 days, over two weeks of mechanical ventilation, and hospital stays averaging 40 days.