ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ MỞ KHÍ QUẢN Ở TRẺ EM QUA TỔNG QUAN LUẬN ĐIỂM CÁC NGHIÊN CỨU TỪ NĂM 2014-2023

Abstract

Objective: Describe the characteristics of studies on tracheostomy in children from 2014 to 2023, thereby evaluating the effectiveness and complications occurring in tracheostomy methods in this group of subjects. Methods: The search was conducted for articles in Health Magazine and PubMed database, selecting English or Vietnamese language articles published from 2014 to 2023, in the group Patients under 16 years old undergoing tracheostomy. Results: 194 articles were found, of which 29 were included in this review. Tracheostomy in children is a common procedure in emergency departments due to prolonged mechanical ventilation (46.2%), upper respiratory obstruction (28.1%), and neuromuscular disease 20.3. %, traumatic brain injury 19.9% ​​and respiratory failure 14.2%. Research is concentrated in Asia 24.1%, America 58.6%, Europe 17.3%. The common age requiring a tracheostomy is usually under 1 year old. Causes of upper airway obstruction: Subglottic stenosis 15.0%; Larynx - tracheal 9.1%; Congenital respiratory obstruction 8.7%; Craniofacial malformations 8.1%; Bilateral vocal cord paralysis 7.7%; Maxillofacial injuries 6.1%. Airway tumors 3.2%. Close relationship between age and cause: under 12 months: laryngitis, subglottic edema, most common laryngeal malformations, from over 12 years old to under 6 years old: foreign bodies in the airway, laryngeal papillomas, from over 6 years old to 16 years old, often occurs due to laryngeal trauma, foreign objects, burns, tetanus... The most common early complication is bleeding after the procedure, accounting for 14.5%; cannuyl drop 7.3%; local infection with 6.6%, pneumothorax with 4.3%. The most common late complications are tracheal fistula with 16.5%, granuloma with 11.3%; Canuyl obstruction occurs in 5.3% and tracheal stenosis occurs in 5.0%. Conclusion: The most common cause of tracheostomy in children under 12 months is laryngitis and subglottic edema, in children over 12 months to under 6 years old it is mainly foreign bodies, in children over 6 to 16 it is trauma. Vertical incision is often used in emergency care and a moderate tracheostomy is often used.