THIẾU MÁU THIẾU SẮT VÀ MỐI LIÊN QUAN VỚI MỨC ĐỘ NẶNG CỦA VIÊM TIỂU PHẾ QUẢN Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN NHI VĨNH PHÚC

Abstract

Background: Acute bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in children under 24 months, characterized by acute inflammation of the bronchioles. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global nutritional problem affecting children's health and has been associated with various respiratory infections. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of IDA and its correlation with the severity of acute bronchiolitis in children aged 1-24 months treated at Vinh Phuc Children's Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to May 2024, involving 360 children aged 1-24 months diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis according to NICE 2020 guidelines. Blood tests, including complete blood count, serum iron, and ferritin levels, were performed to assess IDA. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Among the participants, 60.3% had IDA. The highest prevalence of anemia was observed in children aged 6-12 months (77,9%). A significant association was found between IDA and the severity of bronchiolitis (the rate of iron deficiency anemia in the severe and moderate bronchiolitis groups was 100% and 65.2% with p < 0.05). Children with severe bronchiolitis had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, lower serum iron, and ferritin levels compared to those with mild or moderate bronchiolitis. Conclusions: The study highlights a significant correlation between IDA and the severity of bronchiolitis in children. These findings suggest the need for routine screening and management of IDA in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis to potentially reduce disease severity and improve outcomes. Further large-scale studies are recommended to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.