ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ QUẢN LÝ VÀ XỬ TRÍ TỔN THƯƠNG CỔ TỬ CUNG Ở PHỤ NỮ CÓ KẾT QUẢ SÀNG LỌC BẤT THƯỜNG

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and management approaches for patients with abnormal cervical screening results at Tam Anh General Hospital. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 440 women screened for HPV and ThinPrep from January 2023 to June 2024. Patients with abnormal results underwent cervical colposcopy and, if necessary, histopathological diagnosis. Results: The average age of the women was 34.5 ± 7.3 years, with the highest prevalence (54.1%) in the 30-39 age group. Among the participants, 63.6% had regular menstrual cycles, and 24.8% reported sexual activity before age 18. Clinically, 15.5% had ectopic cervical inflammation, 12% with Nabothian cystsand, and 10.5% with cervical inflammation. Laboratory results showed 33 cases positive for high-risk HPV and 62 cases with abnormalities (ASC-US, AGC, LSIL, HSIL) detected via ThinPrep. In 121 women undergoing colposcopy, 57.9% were normal, 37.2% Cervical Ectropion, 4.1% leukoplakia, 2.5% mosaic pattern, 1.7% punctation, and 0.8% atypical vascular pattern. In terms of management, among 116 cases treated, 41.1% received medical treatment, 44.8% underwent electrocautery, 10.3% had LEEP procedures, 2.6% underwent conization, and 0.9% had total hysterectomy. Electrocautery and medical treatment were the most commonly employed methods, prioritized for mild lesions, while LEEP and conization were reserved for more severe lesions, particularly in women over 35 years of age. Conclusion: Screening for cervical cancer using HPV and ThinPrep, coupled with appropriate management, enhances the effectiveness of detecting and treating pre-cancerous cervical lesions.