ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH DƯỚI 18 TUỔI MẮC DỊ DẠNG MẠCH MÁU NGOẠI BIÊN

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients who under 18 years old with peripheral vascular malformations. Methods: This is case series study conducting from July 31, 2020, to June 30, 2021, at the Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City. All patients diagnosed and treated for isolated peripheral vascular malformations meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Results: A total of 62 patients met the study criteria, of which 46.8% were male and 53.2% were female. The average age was 11.0 ± 4.5 years, with the youngest being 3 years old and the oldest 17 years old. Clinical symptoms: Pain was observed in 100%, psychological impact in 98.4%, swelling or increased size in 95.2%, and skin discoloration in 80.6%. Physical symptoms: Thrill and bleeding occurred in 6.5%, tissue ulceration and limb ischemia in 4.8%, and bruits in 3.2%. Lesion locations: The head and neck region accounted for 45.2% of cases, while the lower extremities accounted for 35.5%. Skin temperature over the lesion site was normal in 83.9% of cases. Ultrasound findings: Venous malformations were detected in 90.3%, and arteriovenous malformations in 9.7%. MRI findings: The mean diameter of the lesion area was 7.6 ± 9.5 cm, with an average lesion volume of 58.9 ± 133.5 ml. Well-defined lesion borders were observed in 72.6%. Skin and subcutaneous tissue involvement was seen in 98.4%, and muscle involvement in 74.2%. Classification: Based on Puig’s venous malformation classification, Type II was the most common (66.1%). According to Yakes’ arteriovenous malformation classification, Type IIIa predominated (66.7%). Conclusion: Common clinical symptoms included pain at the lesion site and psychological impact. Thrill and bleeding were notable physical findings. The most frequent lesion locations were the head and neck regions. Skin temperature over the lesion site was typically normal, and most lesion sizes were under 5 cm. MRI findings often showed well-defined lesion borders, primarily involving the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscles.