ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG NHIỄM KHUẨN HUYẾT SƠ SINH NON THÁNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI ĐỒNG CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Neonatal sepsis in preterm infants is a bacterial infection circulating in the bloodstream, occurring in infants born at less than 37 weeks' gestation. Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is challenging due to nonspecific clinical presentations, which vary according to the severity of the illness. Objectives: To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neonatal sepsis in preterm infants. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study collected data on preterm infants with gestational ages under 37 weeks who were admitted to the Neonatology Department at Can Tho Children's Hospital and diagnosed with sepsis from July 2023 to July 2024.. Results: Among the 51 neonates in the study, 58.8% were male and 41.2% female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.43/1. In terms of prematurity levels: 11.8% were extremely preterm, 29.4% very preterm, 25.5% moderately preterm, and 33.3% late preterm. The majority had early-onset neonatal infections (72.5%), with the remaining 27.5% having late-onset infections. Clinically, 58.8% had temperature instability, 90.2% exhibited respiratory symptoms, 54.9% had circulatory symptoms, 37.3% had gastrointestinal symptoms, 82.4% had neurological symptoms, 58,8% showed skin symptoms, and 27.5% had hematologic symptoms. In laboratory findings, 19.8% showed leukocytosis, 9.8% had leukopenia, 17.6% had thrombocytopenia, and 41.2% had a CRP level >10 mg/dL. In terms of complications, 8% of cases involved acute kidney injury, and 29.1% experienced liver injury. Treatment outcomes: the mortality rate was 11.8%, and the average duration of treatment was 40 ± 25 days. Conclusion: The study identified several common clinical and laboratory findings in neonatal sepsis among preterm infants at Can Tho Children's Hospital, contributing to improved early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in this population.