MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA CHỈ SỐ ABI VÀ MỨC ĐỘ GIẢI PHẪU MẠCH VÀNH TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN HỘI CHỨNG VÀNH CẤP

Abstract

Introduction: The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is a simple, non-invasive tool for assessing peripheral artery disease. In acute coronary syndrome (ACS), ABI may correlate with the extent of coronary artery damage, as evaluated by the SYNTAX score. Investigating this relationship can provide valuable insights into vascular disease burden and help assess the prognostic value of ABI in determining outcomes for ACS patients. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between ABI and the severity of coronary artery anatomy, measured by the SYNTAX score, in patients with ACS. Subjects: Patients with their first episode of acute coronary syndrome treated at the Cardiology and Interventional Cardiology Department, Chợ Rẫy Hospital, from January 2024 to July 2024. Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: A total of 78 participants were included, comprising 43 ACS patients (study group) and 35 controls. The mean age of the ACS group was 65 ± 8.4 years, with 65.1% being male. Regarding coronary anatomy, the majority of ACS patients had three-vessel disease (44.2%) with an average SYNTAX score of 21.1 ± 10.7. Among ACS patients, 32.6% had an ABI ≤ 0.9, with no significant difference in the prevalence of one-vessel, two-vessel, or three-vessel disease compared to those with an ABI > 0.9. However, ACS patients with ABI ≤ 0.9 had significantly higher SYNTAX, SYNTAX II PCI, and SYNTAX II CABG scores (29.4 ± 11.2, 49.4 ± 13.0, and 40.0 ± 8.0, respectively) compared to those with ABI > 0.9 (17.2 ± 7.9, 36.2 ± 11.4, and 25.8 ± 7.3; p < 0.05). Additionally, ABI showed a strong negative correlation with SYNTAX, SYNTAX II PCI, and SYNTAX II CABG scores, with correlation coefficients of r(SYNTAX) = -0.56, r(SYNTAX II PCI) = -0.53, and r(SYNTAX II CABG) = -0.63 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: ACS patients with an ABI ≤ 0.9 exhibited more complex coronary anatomy, including left main involvement and higher SYNTAX and SYNTAX II scores, compared to those with an ABI > 0.9.