ĐẶC ĐIỂM VI KHUẨN GÂY BỆNH VIÊM PHỔI BỆNH VIỆN Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI KHOA HỒI SỨC TÍCH CỰC – CHỐNG ĐỘC, BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ NĂM 2023 - 2024

Abstract

Background: Multidrug-resistant bacterial pneumonia is increasing, posing challenges in treatment and becoming a major concern in healthcare settings. Objective: To identify bacterial characteristics and antibiotic resistance patterns in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Can Tho General Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 245 HAP patients in the ICU at Can Tho Central General Hospital from February 2023 to December 2024. Results: Male patients accounted for 56.3%, and the majority were aged 60 and above (66.9%). Gram-negative bacteria predominated in HAP (87.3%), with Acinetobacter baumannii (29.8%), Escherichia coli (22.4%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.6%) as the main pathogens. The antibiotic resistance rates of these bacteria were extremely high, particularly against beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins. Acinetobacter baumannii exhibited over 90% resistance to most antibiotics, while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli also showed significant resistance, including to carbapenems (35.8–50% and 52.7–63.6%, respectively). No significant difference in resistance rates was observed between 2023 and 2024. Conclusions: Gram-negative bacteria remain the dominant pathogens in HAP, with high antibiotic resistance levels, especially to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones. While carbapenems remain effective, resistant strains have emerged.