KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ, ĐỘC TÍNH VÀ TÁC DỤNG PHỤ CỦA ELTROMBOPAG TRONG GIẢM TIỂU CẦU MIỄN DỊCH DAI DẲNG, MẠN TÍNH

Abstract

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune disorder that reduces the number of circulating platelets due to destruction in the spleen and the inability of the platelet sample to restore normal platelet counts. Currently, the use of eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, to increase platelet counts is being indicated for patients with chronic, refractory immune thrombocytopenia who do not respond to first-line therapy. Objectives: Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy, toxicity and side effects of eltrombopag in chronic, refractory immune thrombocytopenia. Materials and methods: Retrospective, descriptive study on 89 patients with chronic, persistent immune thrombocytopenia using eltrombopag from 2018-2023 at the Blood Transfusion and Hematology Hospital. Results: The average duration of eltrombopag use was 43.4 (19.3 - 89) weeks. The average response time after using the drug is 5 weeks. 74.2% of patients had a complete response to eltrombopag, 13.5% of patients had a partial response, and 12.4% of patients did not respond. The group of patients < 16 years old had at least 1 platelet response, accounting for 75%. The group of patients ≥ 16 years old had a platelet response of 85.7%. Before being treated with eltrombopag, 79.8% of patients needed platelet transfusions, after being treated with eltrombopag, this rate decreased to 20.2%. The platelet response rate in the entire study population was 84.3% and was sustainable after 32 weeks of drug administration. 22.5% of patients had complications while using eltrombopag: bone and joint pain (5.6%), upper respiratory infection (4.5%), fatigue (4.5%), menorrhagia (3.4%), rash (2.2%), increased liver enzymes (1.1%), nausea (1.1%). No patient had to discontinue treatment because of side effects of eltrombopag.