NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ ĐA HÌNH RS3746444 CỦA GEN MICRORNA-499 Ở BỆNH NHÂN NHỒI MÁU CƠ TIM CẤP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TRUNG ƯƠNG CẦN THƠ NĂM 2023-2024

Abstract

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe cardiovascular condition with high mortality rates, associated with multiple risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, and age. Recent studies have highlighted the role of genetic factors, particularly gene polymorphisms, in the pathogenesis of AMI. The rs3746444 polymorphism in the microRNA-499 gene has been suggested to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AMI. However, its significance remains underexplored in the Vietnamese population. Objectives: To investigate the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and the role of the rs3746444 polymorphism in the microRNA-499 gene in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Subjects and Methods: 75 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, a cross-sectional descriptive study analyzing clinical, paraclinical, and genetic data, focusing on the rs3746444 polymorphism in the microRNA-499 gene. Results: Most patients were male (73.3%) with a mean age of 64.73 ± 10.1 years. Key risk factors included hypertension (82.6%), dyslipidemia (85.3%), and smoking (42.6%). Cardiac damage was most commonly observed in the anterior wall (36.5%) and inferior wall (34.7%). Killip class I was predominant (81.3%), and 44% of patients had an ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40%. Genetically, allele A (90%) and genotype AA (80%) were dominant, with no homozygous GG genotype observed. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the clinical and subclinical characteristics of acute myocardial infarction, highlighting prominent risk factors and the severity of the disease. Additionally, the findings demonstrate the potential role of the rs3746444 polymorphism in the microRNA-499 gene in the pathogenesis of AMI. These results not only contribute to enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of AMI but also open opportunities for the development of preventive strategies tailored to the genetic and biological characteristics of individuals.