TẦM SOÁT BAN ĐẦU BỆNH TĂNG CHOLESTEROL MÁU GIA ĐÌNH BẰNG THANG ĐIỂM DLCN LÂM SÀNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN NHỒI MÁU CƠ TIM CẤP SỚM

Abstract

Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder associated with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease. In Vietnam, data on the prevalence of FH among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain limited. Objective: To determine the initial prevalence of FH in hospitalized patients with AMI using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) clinical scoring system. Subjects: Patients with premature AMI (men <55 years, women <60 years) admitted to Cho Ray Hospital from October 2023 to June 2024. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: A total of 218 eligible patients were included, with a mean age of 46.9 ± 6.1 years; males predominated, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction accounted for 66.5% of cases. Based on the DLCN clinical score, FH was identified in 12.4% of patients (definite FH: 3.2%; probable FH: 9.2%), possible FH in 28.9%, and unlikely FH in 58.7%. Premature AMI patients with FH had a higher prevalence of a family history of premature coronary artery disease and elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C (p < 0.005). The Gensini score was significantly higher in the FH group at 101.0 (63.2–114.2) compared to the possible and unlikely FH groups, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study highlighted a high prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia based on the DLCN clinical scoring system in patients with premature AMI. Patients with this condition exhibit higher LDL-C levels and more severe coronary artery disease.