KHẢO SÁT TÌNH TRẠNG TINH THẦN TRƯỚC VÀ SAU PHẪU THUẬT CẮT THANH QUẢN TRÊN NGƯỜI BỆNH UNG THƯ THANH QUẢN BẰNG THANG ĐÁNH GIÁ LO ÂU – TRẦM CẢM – STRESS (DASS 21)

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety before and after laryngectomy surgery. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients undergoing partial or total laryngectomy. Data were collected from medical records and the Vietnamese version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess levels of anxiety, stress, and depression before and after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: A total of 68 eligible patients were included in the study, with total laryngectomy accounting for 64.7% and partial laryngectomy for 35.3%. Before surgery, most participants exhibited normal levels across all three indicators, except for a small proportion experiencing mild and moderate anxiety (1.47% for both levels). After surgery, the majority maintained normal stress levels (97.06%), with only a small proportion experiencing mild stress (2.94%). Anxiety levels were normal in 80.88% of patients, while mild (11.76%), moderate (4.41%), and severe (2.94%) anxiety were observed. Depression remained predominantly at normal levels (91.18%), with mild (7.35%) and moderate (1.47%) cases present. The mean anxiety score before surgery, measured using the DASS-A scale, was 2.63 (SD = 2.21). After surgery, the mean anxiety score increased to 5.24 (SD = 3.23), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.00). Depression levels, measured using the DASS-D scale, also increased postoperatively. The mean depression score before surgery was 2.06 (SD = 2.32), rising to 4.88 (SD = 3.54) after surgery, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.00). The mean stress score, measured using the DASS-S scale, was 3.49 (SD = 3.01) preoperatively, increasing to 7.24 (SD = 3.97) postoperatively, also showing statistical significance (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Anxiety, stress, and depression have negative impacts on patients’ recovery after surgery. It is crucial for patients to understand the implications of total laryngectomy, as it significantly affects quality of life. Emotional disorders, particularly depression, require timely intervention as they can influence treatment adherence, prolong recovery, and increase healthcare costs.