ĐẶC ĐIỂM VI KHUẨN VÀ SỰ ĐỀ KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH CỦA CÁC VI KHUẨN GRAM ÂM GÂY NHIỄM TRÙNG ĐƯỜNG MẬT

Abstract

Background: Biliary tract infections are common conditions associated with a high risk of hospitalization and severe complications, particularly due to the rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the bacterial profiles and assess the antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria causing biliary tract infections at Hanoi Medical University Hospital. Methods: Data were collected from 327 bile samples obtained between January 1, 2024, and December 31, 2024. Bile cultures were performed to isolate bacterial strains, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted to evaluate resistance levels. Results: Among the 327 bile samples, the positive culture rate was 61.8%. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 75.45% of isolates, with Escherichia coli (34.3%) being the most prevalent, followed by Enterococcus spp. (23.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.5%). A high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli was observed (49.5%). E. coli exhibited substantial resistance to ampicillin (83.5%), ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulbactam (60–70%), and cefotaxime (>50%). K. pneumoniae demonstrated resistance rates exceeding 50% to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulbactam, while P. aeruginosa retained high susceptibility to most conventional antibiotics. Conclusion: The findings highlight alarming antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria in biliary tract infections, particularly E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Close surveillance and evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship are critical to mitigating resistance and optimizing clinical outcomes.