MỨC ĐỘ ĐA ĐỀ KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH CỦA CÁC VI KHUẨN GRAM ÂM PHÂN LẬP ĐƯỢC TỪ BỆNH PHẨM ĐƯỜNG HÔ HẤP DƯỚI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ NĂM 2022 – 2024

Abstract

Background: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are major pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections and are associated with high mortality rates. Objective: To investigate the level of multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract specimens at Can Tho General Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with analysis was conducted on 890 lower respiratory tract specimens collected at Can Tho General Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. Results: Most specimens were collected from the ICU (66.9%), primarily sputum samples (91.5%). The most common Gram-negative bacteria identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae (38.3%), Acinetobacter baumannii (26.8%), Escherichia coli (12.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.4%). Most isolates produced β-lactamase enzymes. Specifically, 100% of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa strains, 90.6% of E. coli, and 87.0% of K. pneumoniae exhibited β-lactamase production. Antibiotic resistance was mainly concentrated in the extensively drug-resistant (XDR) group. Notably, the prevalence of XDR and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) K. pneumoniae increased over time, with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria presents a serious challenge to the clinical management of respiratory infections at Can Tho City General Hospital.