ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ DỰ PHÒNG HUYẾT KHỐI TĨNH MẠCH SÂU CHI DƯỚI BẰNG HEPARIN TRỌNG LƯỢNG PHÂN TỬ THẤP Ở BỆNH NHÂN TẠI KHOA HỒI SỨC TÍCH CỰC – CHỐNG ĐỘC BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TỈNH BÌNH THUẬN

Abstract

Background: Patients in the Intensive Care – Toxicology Department are at high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities, leading to life-threatening complications. However, the prophylactic use of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) requires further investigation regarding its efficacy and safety due to the potential risk of bleeding. Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of DVT prophylaxis and investigate associated factors in patients in the Intensive Care – Toxicology Department. Materials and methods: An uncontrolled interventional study was conducted on 45 patients treated at the Intensive Care – Toxicology Department of Binh Thuan General Hospital from September 2024 to March 2025. Results: The female-to-male ratio was 1.5, and the average age was 65.00 ± 15.66 years, with the majority being over 60 years old. The mean body mass index was 20.87 ± 2.75, with an obesity rate of 13.3%. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 60%, ischemic stroke 28.9%, respiratory failure 88.9%, and infection 82.2%. Additionally, 64.4% of patients had central venous catheterization, 57.8% received vasopressor therapy, and 35.6% were administered sedatives. After seven days of treatment, 22.2% of patients developed DVT, while 11.1% experienced adverse effects, including 6.7% with bleeding complications. Diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased incidence of DVT, with an odds ratio (OR) of 8.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–74.4; p = 0.034). The PADUA score was significantly higher in the DVT group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Initial findings suggest that LMWH prophylaxis for DVT in intensive care patients demonstrates favorable outcomes and high safety.