SỰ ĐỀ KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH CỦA CÁC VI KHUẨN PHÂN LẬP ĐƯỢC TỪ BỆNH PHẨM ĐƯỜNG HÔ HẤP DƯỚI CỦA CÁC BỆNH NHÂN ĐƯỢC ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: The incidence of bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance in lower respiratory tract infections has been increasing. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pathogenic bacterial strains isolated from lower respiratory tract specimens and their antibiotic resistance patterns at Can Tho General Hospital. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with analysis was conducted on a total of 925 lower respiratory tract specimens collected at Can Tho General Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. Results: The majority of specimens were sputum samples (92.0%), with the highest number collected from the ICU department (66.7%). Among the isolated pathogens, Gram-negative bacteria (96.0%) were more prevalent than Gram-positive bacteria (4.0%). Within the Gram-positive group, Staphylococcus aureus accounted for the majority (45.7%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.8%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (25.8%) were the most common Gram-negative bacterial strains. The rates of multidrug resistance, extensive drug resistance, and pan-drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus remained relatively stable over the years. In contrast, antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative strains gradually increased over time. Among the three resistance categories, the most prominent was pan-drug resistance, with Klebsiella pneumoniae showing a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: Pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections at Can Tho General Hospital are predominantly Gram-negative bacteria, with a high rate of antibiotic resistance.