GIÁ TRỊ APOB/APOA1 VÀ MỐI LIÊN QUAN VỚI TỔN THƯƠNG HẸP ĐỘNG MẠCH VÀNH Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐAU THẮT NGỰC KHÔNG ỔN ĐỊNH

Abstract

Background: The ApoB/ApoA1 has been demonstrated in several studies to predict both the presence and severity of coronary artery stenosis. However, in Vietnam, research on this biomarker remains limited. Objectives: To describe the clinical value of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and investigate its association with coronary artery stenosis in patients with unstable angina. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 54 patients diagnosed with unstable angina at Thong Nhat General Hospital, Dong Nai. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1.45:1, with a mean age of 64.04 ± 11.34 years; the majority were aged 60 years and older. The average BMI was 22.83 ± 4.12 kg/m², and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 42.6%. Smoking was reported in 35.2% of participants. Regarding comorbidities, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were present in 100% and 38.9% of patients, respectively. The mean serum ApoB concentration was 77.07 ± 25.04 mg/dL, while ApoA1 was 115.97 ± 23.29 mg/dL. The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio followed a normal distribution, with a mean of 0.68 ± 0.24. The average Gensini score was 15.93 ± 15.75. Distribution of coronary artery stenosis showed single-vessel and triple-vessel disease both at 37.0%, while double-vessel disease accounted for 25.9%. Most patients had mild stenosis (85.2%). The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was significantly higher in patients with triple-vessel disease compared to those with single- or double-vessel disease (0.77 ± 0.31 vs. 0.63 ± 0.18, p = 0.043). Additionally, the ratio was higher in patients with moderate-to-severe Gensini scores compared to those with mild scores (0.85 ± 0.45 vs. 0.65 ± 0.18, p = 0.029). A positive correlation was observed between the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and Gensini score (p = 0.01, r = 0.34). Conclusion: The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is associated with both the number of affected coronary vessels and the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with unstable angina.