ĐÁNH GIÁ TÌNH TRẠNG SUY YẾU (FRAILTY) Ở BỆNH NHÂN CAO TUỔI ĐƯỢC PHẪU THUẬT TẠI KHOA GÂY MÊ HỒI SỨC–BỆNH VIỆN BẠCH MAI

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of frailty, as defined by Fried’s criteria, in patients aged ≥ 60 years prior to surgery in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care at Bach Mai Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted on 300 patients aged ≥ 60 years scheduled for elective, non‑cardiac surgery between November 2020 and August 2021. Frailty was assessed using Fried’s five criteria: unintentional weight loss ≥ 5% of body weight in the previous year; grip strength below the sex‑ and BMI‑specific threshold; slow gait speed (time to walk 4 m exceeding height‑ and sex‑specific cut‑offs); self‑reported exhaustion; and low physical activity (PASE < 64 for men, < 52 for women) (1). Patients meeting ≥ 3 criteria were classified as frail; those with 1–2 criteria as pre‑frail; and those with 0 criteria as non‑frail. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 23.0; proportions were compared using the chi‑square test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was 69.18 ± 7.08 years; 64.3% were male. The prevalence of frailty was 34.16%, pre‑frailty 29.81%, and non‑frailty 36.02%. The most common impaired component was slow gait speed (46.3%), followed by low physical activity (40.7%) and reduced muscle strength (38.2%); the least common were poor endurance and low energy (18.9%). Conclusion: More than one‑third of elderly patients scheduled for surgery at Bach Mai Hospital are frail. Frailty assessment using Fried’s criteria should be widely implemented in the preoperative evaluation to stratify risk and guide appropriate interventions, with the aim of reducing perioperative complications and improving treatment outcomes.