LỰA CHỌN KHÁNG SINH BAN ĐẦU ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM PHỔI CỘNG ĐỒNG Ở TRẺ EM TẠI KHOA KHÁM VÀ ĐIỀU TRỊ 24 GIỜ BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Abstract

Introduction: Identification of the pathogens causing pneumonia is the most important which helps to use appropriate antibiotics, thereby reducing hospitalization duration and treatment costs. Objective: To describe the clinical, paraclinical, microbiological characteristics and initial antibiotic choices for children diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia at the 24-hour Examination and Treatment Department, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, between September 2024 and March 2025. Methods: There was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: We recruited 160 children with community-acquired pneumonia treated at the 24-hour Examination and Treatment Department.  The median age was 19 months of age. The common clinical symptoms were cough (98.1%), fever (75%), crackles (96.9%), and tachypnea (28.7%). The average white blood cell was 13.13 G/L. Haemophilus influenzae was the most frequently identified pathogen by both PCR (30%) and sputum culture (28.75%), followed by S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis. Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxim were the primary choices for treatment of pneumonia, with the sensitivity rates of H. influenza was 98%.  The sensitivity rates of Ceftriaxone for S. pneumonia was 94.7%. Third-generation cephalosporins were the most common empirical treatment, with ceftriaxone monotherapy being the most frequently used (46.88%), followed by cefotaxime (29.38%). Conclusion: The pathogens caused community-acquired pneumonia was unchanged. Third-generation cephalosporins remain the first-line treatment.