ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG CỦA BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ VÒM MŨI HỌNG GIAI ĐOẠN DI CĂN XA MỚI CHẨN ĐOÁN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN K

Abstract

Purpose: To describe some clinical and subclinical characteristics of de novo distant metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 72 patients with de novo distant metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to December 2024. Results: The mean age was 53.6 ± 10.6 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.5:1. The most common reason for hospital admission was cervical lymphadenopathy (86.1%). The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 4.24 months. T3–T4 tumors accounted for 52.7%, and N2–N3 lymph node involvement for 76.4%. Bone was the most frequent site of distant metastasis (54.2%), followed by the lungs (33.3%), distant lymph nodes (26.4%), and liver (20.8%). Most patients had metastasis on a single organ (69.4%). Common radiological features of distant metastases included sclerotic bone lesions, multiple small pulmonary nodules, and hypodense liver lesions with poor contrast enhancement. Conclusion: De novo distant metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma is commonly observed in middle-aged men, often presenting with nonspecific clinical symptoms that lead to delayed detection. Cervical lymphadenopathy is the most common reason for hospital admission. Bone is the most frequent site of distant metastasis. Radiology plays a critical role in lesion detection and evaluation.