KHẢO SÁT TÌNH HÌNH DỊ ỨNG CỦA TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI ĐỒNG THÀNH PHỐ BẰNG KIT IMMUNOBLOT EUROLINE ATOPY

Abstract

Allergies are exaggerated immune responses to allergens, leading to the activation of CD4+ Th2 cells and increased production of immunoglobulin E (IgE). This immune response results in hypersensitivity reactions such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, urticaria, and anaphylaxis. Children, due to their immature immune systems, are particularly susceptible to allergic diseases, which can negatively impact their overall development. This cross-sectional study evaluated allergen sensitization in 1,643 pediatric patients with allergy related diagnoses at Children's City Hospital between March 4, 2020 to June 30, and using the Immunoblot EUROLINE Atopy panel (with 19 allergens), 75.4% of children tested positive: 19.4% to a single allergen and 55.9% to multiple allergens. Statistical analysis showed significant associations between age group and initial clinical diagnosis with allergen positivity (p < 0.05), while gender and residential address were not associated (p > 0.05).  The most prevalent allergens were cow’s milk (42.7%), house dust mites (39.8%), egg white (33.5%), and beef (29.4%). Other allergens such as crab, lamb, and plant-derived sources ranged from 15–25%; the remainder were under 15%. Findings highlight the high prevalence of multi-allergen sensitization in children and underscore the need for early screening and targeted allergy management strategies.