LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG TRẺ BỊ ĐỘNG KINH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN NHI NGHỆ AN GIAI ĐOẠN 2023-2024

Abstract

Objectives: Describe the clinical characteristics, electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging in epileptic children at Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital in the period of 2023 - 2024. Research Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with analysis. Results: Study of 83 patients diagnosed with epilepsy at the Department of Neurology - Rehabilitation of Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital. Information was collected by examination and pre-designed medical records. The results of childhood epilepsy are more common in boys, most common in the 2 - 12 year old group. Factors related to the history of epilepsy include high fever convulsions 28.9%; family history of epilepsy 21.7% and history of premature birth 20.5%. The main clinical symptoms were generalized seizures (57.8%), of which: generalized motor seizures were 43.4% and partial non-motor seizures were 27.7%. The frequency of seizures < 10 seizures/month accounted for the majority (90.4%). Among epileptic children, 41.0% had delayed psychomotor development, mainly mild developmental delay accounting for 20.5%. EEG images with epileptic waves accounted for 30.1%, the location of the waves appearing predominantly on both hemispheres accounted for 72.0%, of which the majority appeared in generalized seizures accounting for 60.0%; the remaining waves were predominant on one hemisphere accounting for 28.0%. There was a correlation between the location of predominant paroxysmal activity on the EEG and the type of epileptic seizure with p = 0.043. The MRI results showed that the rate of abnormal images accounted for 37.3%, in which images with anatomical variations in the brain region accounted for the highest rate of 12.0%. Conclusion: Epilepsy is a disease that can affect children of all ages. Clinical symptoms of epilepsy in children often occur suddenly, with diverse manifestations, including movement disorders such as stiffness or convulsions, loss of tone,...; sensory disorders; mental disorders (fear, anxiety, hallucinations, memory disorders, behavioral disorders, mental retardation, etc.). EEG has specific waves of seizure types. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps find the cause of the disease. Epilepsy needs to be treated as soon as possible to completely control seizures, avoid negative effects such as intellectual decline and personality changes as well as continuous epileptic status to help improve the quality of life for children with epilepsy and the burden on the family.