KHẢO SÁT THỰC TRẠNG KHÁNG INSULIN Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2 CÓ THỪA CÂN, BÉO PHÌ BẰNG CHỈ SỐ TRIGLYCERID – GLUCOSE TẠI BỆNH VIỆN QUÂN DÂN Y TỈNH SÓC TRĂNG NĂM 2025

Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance is a key pathogenic mechanism in type 2 diabetes, especially among individuals who are overweight or obese. The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index is regarded as a simple and valuable tool for evaluating insulin resistance in community healthcare settings. Objectives: to ascertain the prevalence of insulin resistance utilizing the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, comparison of nnsulin resistance prevalence and mean TyG index between genders, and to investigate specific clinical and paraclinical characteristics in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2025 at the Military - Civilian Hospital of Soc Trang Province, involving 200 overweight and obese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance was defined as a Triglyceride–Glucose (TyG) index ≥ 5.29. Results: The prevalence of insulin resistance, as defined by a TyG index ≥ 5.29, was 95.5% (191 out of 200 patients). When stratified by sex, the proportion of insulin resistance was slightly higher in males (98%) than in females (94.6%), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.453). The mean TyG index was 5.65 ± 0.30 in males and 5.60 ± 0.25 in females, with no significant difference observed between the two groups (p = 0.535). Regarding clinical characteristics, females comprised 74.5% of the study population. The mean age was 60.35 ± 1 years, with 55% of participants aged 60 years or older. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.64 ± 3.33 years, and the majority (92.5%) had been diagnosed with diabetes for at least five years. A history of smoking was reported in 22% of patients, and 33% had concomitant hypertension. The average body mass index (BMI) was 25.25 ± 2.04 kg/m². The mean waist circumference was 90.96 ± 5.60 cm in males and 87.87 ± 5.65 cm in females. As for laboratory parameters, the mean triglyceride level was 4.93 ± 2.95 mmol/L, total cholesterol was 5.70 ± 1.81 mmol/L, LDL-C was 3.08 ± 1.32 mmol/L, and HDL-C was 1.56 ± 0.44 mmol/L. The average fasting plasma glucose level was 11.66 ± 4.85 mmol/L. Conclusions: The study found a markedly high prevalence (95.5%) of insulin resistance among overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes, based on the TyG index. No significant difference in TyG values was observed between sexes. Indicators such as BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose were correlated with TyG levels, reflecting an underlying state of metabolic dysregulation. Given its simplicity and clinical accessibility, the TyG index may serve as an effective tool for early detection of insulin resistance at the primary healthcare level.