NGHIÊN CỨU ĐÁNH GIÁ XÉT NGHIỆM SÀNG LỌC Ở NGƯỜI HIẾN MÁU TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG QUÂN ĐỘI 108 NĂM 2025

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the results of screening for infectious agents (HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis) among blood donors at the 108 Military Central Hospital. Research subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 2,526 individuals who donated blood in the field and at the Blood Transfusion Department of the 108 Military Central Hospital from February 2025 to June 2025. Data were collected from the blood donor management database. Results: Among the 2,526 blood donors, 18 samples (0.7%) tested positive for HBsAg using rapid screening tests. Of the 2,508 donors screened using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), 14 cases (0.57%) were positive for HBV, 10 (0.4%) for HCV, 3 (0.12%) for HIV, and 15 (0.6%) for syphilis. Among the 2,466 negative samples tested by CLIA, further testing by nucleic acid testing (NAT) revealed one additional HBV-positive case (1/2466; 0.04%). The infection rate was higher in males, and the most affected age group was 18–24 years. Most infections were detected during the first-time donations. Conclusion: In this study of 2,526 blood donors, 18 cases (0.7%) were reactive to HBsAg using rapid screening tests. Chemiluminescent immunoassay identified 42 reactive cases: HBV (14; 0.57%), HCV (10; 0.4%), HIV (3; 0.12%), and syphilis (15; 0.6%). NAT detected one additional HBV case (0.04%) among CLIA-negative samples. The majority of infections were observed in first-time donors, primarily within the 18–24 age group.