ĐẶC ĐIỂM DINH DƯỠNG VÀ KIẾN THỨC VỀ ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG THAI KỲ CỦA SẢN PHỤ ĐẾN KHÁM TẠI BỆNH BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC Y HÀ NỘI NĂM 2024 - 2025

Abstract

Objective: To describe the nutritional characteristics and knowledge of gestational diabetes of 199 pregnant women who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Medical University Hospital from October 2024 to May 2025. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 199 pregnant women who met the sampling criteria and were interviewed using a pre-printed questionnaire at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Medical University Hospital from October 2024 to May 2025. Results: Most pregnant women were of childbearing age (under 35) (86.9%). The average age of pregnant women was 29.70 ± 4.14 years old. 98.5% of pregnant women were Kinh. Most pregnant women participating in the study lived in urban areas, 31.67% lived in rural areas. Most pregnant women in the study had an education level above high school (91.0%) and 84.9% of pregnant women were working in administrative/business jobs. Only 6.5% of pregnant women had low income, 87.9% of pregnant women had a pre-pregnancy BMI <23, only 12.1% of pregnant women participating in the study had a BMI at the overweight and obese level (≥23), 58.3% were pregnant for the first time. Among the 77 cases who had given birth, no case of giving birth to a baby ≥ 4000 grams was recorded. Pregnant women thought that being overweight, obese and having a family member with diabetes were the highest risk factors for the disease (59.3%). 71.9% thought that the disease could cause large fetuses, while the rate of pregnant women knowing about complications such as stillbirth, miscarriage and premature birth was 48.2%. 46.7% were aware of the risk of polyhydramnios, while only 22.6% were aware of the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. Regarding mothers, 80.4% of pregnant women knew that the disease could progress to type 2 diabetes in the future, and 77.9% thought that the disease could lead to excessive weight gain. Conclusion: The majority of pregnant women had a BMI of less than 23 before pregnancy, most of them had good knowledge about gestational diabetes as well as awareness of the effects on both mother and child. There is still a large proportion of women with poor knowledge about gestational diabetes in general.