ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ HẠ HỌNG, THANH QUẢN

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to describe and evaluate the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer, thereby contributing to improved diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study with a control group and longitudinal follow-up was conducted on 184 cancer patients (127 with laryngeal cancer and 57 with hypopharyngeal cancer) and 58 control patients at three major hospitals from December 2022 to December 2025. Data were collected through clinical examinations, endoscopy, CT scans, blood tests, and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The most common symptoms among patients were hoarseness, dysphagia, and odynophagia. Laryngeal cancer typically originated from the vocal cords and was more frequently diagnosed at earlier stages, whereas hypopharyngeal cancer mainly originated from the pyriform sinus and was diagnosed at more advanced stages with higher rates of local invasion, lymph node metastasis, and higher histopathological grading. The cancer group had significantly elevated levels of white blood cells, glucose, AST, and creatinine compared to the control group. Conclusion: Hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers show distinct clinical and paraclinical features based on tumor location. Hypopharyngeal cancer tends to present more severely and is often diagnosed later. This study provides important practical data to support early diagnosis and effective treatment of head and neck cancers.