ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ TÌNH TRẠNG NHIỄM MỠ Ở BỆNH GAN NHIỄM MỠ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN RỐI LOẠN CHUYỂN HÓA

Abstract

Objective: To describe clinical and paraclinical characteristics related to hepatic steatosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 193 patients diagnosed with MAFLD who underwent examination and treatment at Thong Nhat Hospital. Results: Males accounted for the majority (60,1%) with a mean age of 69,5 ± 9,3 years and a mean BMI of 25,3 ± 2,8 kg/m²; 83,9% of patients were overweight or obese. The prevalence of central obesity was high (89,1%), and 40% of patients had diabetes (DM). Mean triglyceride levels increased progressively with metabolic severity: 2,06 mmol/L (non-DM, BMI < 23), 2,18 mmol/L (non-DM, BMI ≥ 23), and 2,69 mmol/L (DM), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0,042). Conversely, HDL-c, LDL-c, and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT) showed no significant differences (p > 0,1). Hepatic steatosis was detected by ultrasound in 92% of patients, highest in the DM group (96%), though this difference was not statistically significant. The Fatty Liver Index (FLI) differed significantly across groups (p = 0,005), increasing from 0% (BMI < 23, non-DM) to 39% (BMI ≥ 23, non-DM), and 51% in the DM group. Conclusion: MAFLD in elderly Vietnamese patients is characterized by high rates of central obesity and type 2 diabetes, even in those without markedly elevated BMI. FLI appears to be a useful non-invasive tool for risk stratification based on metabolic status, supporting the identification and management of MAFLD in clinical practice.