ĐÁNH GIÁ TÌNH TRẠNG NHIỄM CẤP PARVOVIRUS B19 Ở BỆNH NHI SỐT PHÁT BAN KHÔNG DO SỞI VÀ RUBELLA

Abstract

Objective: Parvovirus B19 is an important cause of rash fever, especially in children. The study investigates the prevalence of acute Human Parvovirus B19 infection and its association with epidemiological characteristics and some subclinical manifestations in patients with rash fever not caused by measles and rubella. Research methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 195 pediatric patients with rash fever who tested negative for measles IgM and rubella IgM at Thai Binh Provincial Children's Hospital and Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, where B19-IgM antibodies and B19-DNA were detected; from January 2021 to January 2024. Results: The detection rates of positive B19-DNA and B19-IgM were 4.62% and 11.28%, respectively; acute B19 infection (IgM and/or DNA) was 13.85%. Acute Parvovirus B19 infection is associated with some clinical and subclinical features: Increased musculoskeletal symptoms (OR=5.47; 95%CI: 2.29-13.05; p < 0.01); increased risk of anemia (OR=6.18; 95%CI: 2.62-14.59; p < 0.01); increased risk of thrombocytopenia (OR=3.45; 95%CI: 1.50-7.94; p < 0.01); increased GPT liver enzyme activity (OR=6.25; 95%CI: 2.64-14.78; p < 0.001). No differences in age, gender, respiratory/digestive symptoms, white blood cell count, kidney function, and protein/albumin (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Acute Parvovirus B19 infection accounts for a significant proportion in pediatric patients with rash fever not due to measles and rubella. Parvovirus B19 has a clear association with musculoskeletal symptoms, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes, contributing to differential diagnosis and clinical management.