ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ TÌNH TRẠNG ĐỘT BIẾN GEN KRAS, NRAS, BRAF Ở BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG GIAI ĐOẠN IV TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC Y HÀ NỘI

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the clinical, subclinical characteristics and the mutation status of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genes, and some related factors in stage IV colorectal cancer patients at Hanoi Medical University Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted on 144 metastatic colorectal cancer patients with determined gene mutation status, carried out from June 2023 to June 2025. Results: The average age was 59.1±13.5 years. The mutation rates were 39.6% for KRAS, 2.1% for NRAS, and 3.5% for BRAF. KRAS mutation was significantly associated with decreased pre-treatment hemoglobin, primary tumor in the right colon, high serum CEA levels (>20 ng/ml), bone metastasis, and >5 metastatic sites. No statistically significant correlation was found between KRAS mutation and other characteristics. No association was observed between NRAS and BRAF mutations and other clinical or paraclinical characteristics. Conclusion: The study determined the mutation rates of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and found a statistically significant correlation between KRAS mutation and several factors. These findings reinforce the importance of genetic testing in personalized treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer patients.