ĐẶC ĐIỂM CỦA CÁC TỰ KHÁNG THỂ TRONG BỆNH XƠ CỨNG BÌ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH

Abstract

Background: Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular damage, skin thickening and organ involvement. Autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis. Currently, characteristics of autoantibodies in scleroderma in Vietnam are still limited. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 83 scleroderma patients (according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology 2013) visiting the Rheumatology Clinic - University Medical Center HCMC from March 2023 to September 2024. Autoantibodies were performed by using the EUROIMMUN test with the line blot technique. Results: Among 83 scleroderma patients, women accounted for 85.54%, average age was 49.45 ± 14.81 years. 53.01% of patients were classified with diffuse scleroderma. 66.27% of patients have specific autoantibodies. The most common scleroderma-specific autoantibody is anti Scl-70, accounting for 50.60%. Anti CENP-A and anti CENP-B comprise 6.02% and 10.84%, respectively. Anti RP-11 and anti RP-155, also known as anti-RNA polymerase III, were positive in 20.48% and 14.46% of cases. Comorbidity of two types of autoantibodies occurs in a small number of cases. Non-specific autoantibodies are common in overlap syndromes such as anti Ku (24.10%), anti Ro52 (21.68%). Conclusions: Anti Scl-70 is the most common autoantibody in systemic sclerosis, commonly found in diffuse sclerosis and interstitial lung disease. Two other groups of autoantibodies, anti-CENP and anti-RNA polymerase III, account for a lower proportion. Some nonspecific autoantibodies can still be encountered and are not associated with clinical manifestations.