NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM TỔN THƯƠNG VÕNG MẠC TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN TĂNG HUYẾT ÁP NGUYÊN PHÁT TẠI BỆNH VIỆN E

Abstract

Objective: To describe the characteristics of hypertensive retinopathy and identify associated factors in patients with primary hypertension at the Ophthalmology Department, E Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with primary hypertension who presented to the Ophthalmology Department, E Hospital, between January 2025 and April 2025. Results: The average age was 72.5 ± 7.4 years, with females accounting for 74% of the participants. Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) was observed in 65% of patients, with 69.2% classified as mild stage and 30.8% as moderate stage; no severe cases were recorded. Compared to stage I hypertension, patients with stage II hypertension had a 2.76-fold higher risk of developing HR (p=0.043), while those with stage III had a 6.4-fold higher risk (p=0.003). Patients with poorly controlled blood pressure had a 3.43-fold increased risk of retinal damage compared to those with well-controlled blood pressure (p=0.012). Conclusion: Hypertensive retinopathy was prevalent among patients with primary hypertension at the Ophthalmology Department of E Hospital. The severity of hypertension and the degree of blood pressure control were statistically significant factors associated with retinal microvascular damage.