ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở BỆNH NHÂN PHONG TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN TỈNH GIA LAI ĐẾN THÁNG 6 NĂM 2023

Abstract

Objective: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and analyze factors associated with disability in leprosy patients under management in Gia Lai Province as of June 2023. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 422 leprosy patients, with data collected from medical records and direct interviews. Data were processed using SPSS 22.0, with descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Multibacillary (MB) leprosy accounted for the majority (94.5%), with common sites of involvement being the skin (96.9%) and peripheral nerves (89.8%). The overall disability rate was 88.9%, of which grade II disability accounted for 87.2%. Common sites of disability were hands (78.4%), feet (74.7%), and face (29.9%), with 65.1% presenting with combined disabilities at multiple sites. Independent factors associated with disability included age ≥60 years (OR=2.42), disease duration >10 years (OR=1.96), and loss of working ability (OR=4.21). Among these, only disease duration >10 years was significantly associated with severe disability (grade II) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of disability, especially grade II, among leprosy patients in Gia Lai is alarmingly high. Older age, long disease duration, loss of working ability, and low educational level are risk factors that should be considered in early detection, timely intervention, and rehabilitation strategies