KẾT QUẢ SỬ DỤNG SURFACTANT TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ SUY HÔ HẤP CẤP Ở TRẺ SƠ SINH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN

Abstract

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Administration of surfactant in the treatment of acute respiratory distress caused by surfactant deficiency disorders (such as hyaline membrane disease, surfactant inactivation, meconium aspiration, etc.) has been proven to be effective and safe, contributing to a reduction in neonatal complications and mortality rates. Post-treatment monitoring following surfactant administration is essential.Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and evaluate the outcomes of surfactant therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory distress in neonates at Thai Nguyen Central Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted on 74 neonates diagnosed with acute respiratory distress who received surfactant therapy at the Pediatrics Center of Thai Nguyen Central Hospital from June 2024 to June 2025. Results: Acute respiratory distress was more common in male infants, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. The mean gestational age was 32.0 ± 3.1 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 1,874 ± 717 grams. According to the Silverman scoring system, 71.6% of the neonates were classified as having severe respiratory distress upon admission. Treatment outcomes: The success rate of surfactant therapy was 71.6%. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 24.0 hours (range: 0–123.9 hours), followed by CPAP for a median of 114.0 hours (range: 0–208.4 hours). The average length of hospital stay was 16.3 ± 11.9 days. Conclusion: Severe acute respiratory distress in neonates accounts for a high proportion of cases. The success rate of surfactant therapy was 71.6%. Treatment failure was primarily observed in neonates with stage IV hyaline membrane disease, extremely low gestational age, and extremely low birth weight.