PHÂN LOẠI VÀ KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT KẾT HỢP XƯƠNG BẰNG NẸP VÍT NHỎ Ở BỆNH NHÂN GÃY XƯƠNG HÀM DƯỚI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA BẠC LIÊU

Abstract

Background: Mandibular fractures are among the most common maxillofacial injuries, primarily caused by traffic accidents, and require treatment approaches that ensure both functional restoration and aesthetic outcomes. Surgical Fixation of Mandibular Fractures Using Mini Plates has been widely applied due to its stable fixation and favorable recovery outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to describe the classification patterns and treatment outcomes of mandibular fractures treated with mini-plate fixation. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 40 patients diagnosed with mandibular fractures and treated at Bac Lieu General Hospital from March 2024 to March 2025. Results: A total of 40 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 31.6 ± 14.9 years, and a predominance of male patients (70.0%). Simple fractures at a single site accounted for the majority (57.5%), most commonly located in the symphysis region (35.0%). Among complex fractures, the most frequent type was combined symphysis and angle fractures (17.5%). Postoperative outcomes showed complete control of infection and malocclusion (95.0-100%), and significant improvement in maximum mouth opening (from 45.0% to 95.0%, p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. Overall, 95.0% of patients achieved a "good" treatment outcome, with favorable anatomical, functional, and aesthetic results reported in 97.5%, 95.0%, and 95.0% of cases, respectively. The simple fracture group tended to have better outcomes, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of mandibular fractures using miniplate fixation demonstrates high effectiveness and safety in clinical practice. This method yields excellent outcomes in terms of anatomical restoration, functional recovery, and aesthetics, particularly in patients with simple fractures.